Comparison of three methods for establishing rat peri-implantitis model / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the efficiency and effect of establishing rat peri-implantitis model by traditional cotton thread ligation and local injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) around the implant, as well as the combination of the two methods.@*METHODS@#Left side maxillary first molars of 39 male SD rats were extracted, and titanium implants were implanted after four weeks of healing. After 4 weeks of implant osseointegration, 39 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Cotton thread ligation (n=12), local injection of LPS around the implant (n=12), and the two methods combined (n=12) were used to induce peri-implantitis, the rest 3 rats were untreated as control group. All procedures were conducted under 5% isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. The rats were sacrificed 2 weeks and 4 weeks after induction through carbon dioxide asphyxiation method. The maxilla of the rats in the test groups were collected and marginal bone loss was observed by micro-CT. The gingival tissues around the implants were collected for further real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis, specifically the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) of each rat in the experimental group were recorded before induction of inflammation and before death.@*RESULTS@#After 4 weeks of implantation, the osseointegration of implants were confirmed. All the three test groups showed red and swollen gums, obvious marginal bone loss around implants. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks of inflammation induction, PD, GI and BOP of the three test groups increased compared with those before induction, but only BOP was statistically significant among the three test groups (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 weeks of inflammation induction, marginal bone loss was observed at each site in the cotton thread ligation group and the combined group. At each site, the bone resorption in the combined group was greater than that in the cotton thread ligation group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), bone resorption was observed at some sites of some implants in LPS local injection group. At the end of 4 weeks of inflammation induction, marginal bone loss was observed at all sites in each group. The marginal bone loss in the cotton thread ligation group and the combined group was greater than that in the LPS local injection group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). At the end of 2 weeks and 4 weeks of induction, the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the test groups were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with local injection of LPS around the implant, cotton thread ligature and the two methods combined can induce peri-implantitis in rats better and faster.

Advances in gut microbiomes and immunology of IgG4-related hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases / 中华肝脏病杂志

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated condition associated with chronic fibroinflammatory lesions that can affect nearly any organ. IgG4-related hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases are IgG4-RD involving the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system, which is characterized with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations, large numbers of IgG4 positive lymphoplasma cells infiltration in affected organs, storiform fibrosis, and imaging changes of organ morphology. Due to the lack of reliable biomarkers, histopathology is still an important basis for diagnosis. The pathogenesis of IgG4-related hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases has not been clarified. This review focuses on the recent advances in intestinal microecology-immunology, host genetics-immunity and recurrence monitoring of IgG4-related hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.

Clinical outcome of single posterior implant-supported monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated using full digital workflow and conventional workflow: a 3-year follow-up / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To compare the clinical performance of posterior single implant-supported monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated by full digital workflow and that of those fabricated by conventional workflow. Methods: This is prospective clinical research. Thirty-five patients who participated in a previous study during August 2017 to October 2018 at Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were included in this 3-year follow-up study. The 35 patients, 17 females and 18 males, aged (49.0±15.4) years (24-86 years old), was allocated into two groups. In the full digital workflow group, intraoral scanning was taken immediately after implant placement, and a full zirconia implant crown was fabricated using model-free computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) procedure (n=14). In the conventional group, a conventional impression was taken 3 months after implant placement and the stone model was produced. A full zirconia implant crown was fabricated using conventional model-based procedure (n=21). Three years following crown delivery, all the prostheses were evaluated in the aspect of color, surface roughness, contour and marginal integrity using modified US Public Health Service criteria (MUSPHS criteria). The soft and hard tissue around implant was evaluated using modified plaque index, probing depth (PD), number of implants with bleeding on probing, marginal bone loss (MBL). The biological and mechanical complication were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using independent samples t test, Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test. Results: The total survival rate of prosthesis and implant was 100% (35/35). No significant difference in MUSPHS criteria ratings on color, surface roughness, contour and marginal integrity of these crowns were found between the full digital workflow group and the conventional group (P>0.05). Sixteen out of the 35 crowns had a contour score of B due to loss of interproximal contact. Ten out of the 35 crowns had the screw hole sealing resin sinking or falling off, four in the full digital workflow group and six in the conventional group. There was no significant difference in the rate of prostheses mechanical complications between the two groups (P=1.000). For all the implants, there was no significant difference in MBL, PD, the modified plaque index, and number of implants with bleeding on probing between the two groups (U=119.50,133.00,142.50, t=-0.53, P>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical performance of implant-supported posterior single monolithic zirconia crowns fabricated by full digital workflow was stable. There was no significant difference in the clinical performance of the single implant crowns between the full digital workflow group and the conventional group.

Independent innovation research of functionally suitable denture digital system / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Fabrication of conventional complete dentures involves a complex restoration method, requiring significant time and typically involving primary impressions, definitive impressions, jaw relation records, clinic try-in, and complete denture placement, which has been used for nearly a century without change. A novel digital system named Functionally Suitable Denture (FSD) was researched and developed so as to reduce clinical steps, operation difficulties and errors of complete denture restoration. It pioneered a unique diagnostic complete denture aided by computer aided design (CAD) & 3D printing, by which, the functional impression, jaw relation, and try-in (3 steps) were simplified to 1 step, thus the number of visits to the dentist was reduced by 2 times. Moreover, for the first time, it put forward a CAD software of template matching based on the expert design, which was an efficient and intelligent design scheme, and the excellent denture experts' experience and skills could be inherited and iterated. The system included the 3D scanner with appropriate accuracy and high efficiency, the CAD software, the special 3D printer and process software, and the innovative clinical operation process. The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) patent international search report showed that all the 15 claims of the technology were of novelty, creativity and industrial utility. All the digital products were independently developed and made by Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, China. The design and manufacture process of denture prosthesis was fast, simple and accurate. At the same time, personalized functional and aesthetic matching of the patients after wearing prosthesis was realized. It effectively solved the global problems of "slow, difficult and inaccurate" of the traditional manual technology of complete denture, and brought good news to edentulous patients. Compared with the traditional complete denture treatment, FSD system has a wide range of applications for different types of edentulous patients, including those with severe resorption of the alveolar ridge or a high occlusal force. Furthermore, the low-cost of 3D printers, compared with expensive milling machines, may make the approach more accessible. This review describes that our research is related to the development of the FSD system, including multi-source data acquisition technology, three generations of complete denture design software, 3D printing systems of individual tray and complete denture pattern, the clinical and laboratory operation process of the FSD system.

A novel tray for recording maxillomandibular relationship of edentulous patients based on dimensional surveying of complete dentures / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To measure the dimensional data of complete dentures and to design a novel tray for recording maxillomandibular relationship of edentulous patients.@*METHODS@#For the measurement, 100 pairs of complete dentures from the clinic were surveyed for the following parameters: a1, the distance between the middle fossa of the upper left and right first molars; a2, the anterior-posterior distance between the middle fossa of the upper first molars and the incisal edge; a3, the width of the upper denture; a4, the anterior-posterior length of the upper denture; a51, the height from the mesio-lingual cusp of the right upper first molar to the saddle surface; a52, the height from the central fossa of the right lower first molar to the saddle surface; a6, the height from the notch of the upper lip frenulum to the upper central incisor edge; a7, the least thickness of the labial saddle base in the upper central incisor region. Based on the data, the trays with different sizes were designed and fabricated, and the key parameters were: b1, the distance between the foramina of screw posts, b2, the anterior-posterior distance between the foramina of the screw posts and the incisal edge; b3, the width of the tray; b4, the anterior-posterior length of the tray; b51, the height of the posterior platform with the screw nut; b52, the height of the screw post; b6, the height of the anterior tray handle; b7, the thickness of the anterior tray handle.@*RESULTS@#The minimum, average and maximum data for each parameter were (in millimeter): a1: 37.1, 44.5, and 59.6; a2: 22.6, 29.0, and 38.1; a3: 48.5, 58.2, and 76.6; a4: 37.4, 50.8, and 61.0; a51: 5.6, 9.5, and 14.7; a52: 3.8, 9.9, and 18.8; a6: 8.9, 16.6, and 24.7; a7: 1.2, 2.8, and 5.9. Based on the data, the trays in small, medium and large sizes were designed and fabricated. In clinical application, the putty silicone rubber impression material was used to reline the tray, meanwhile the posterior platform and anterior tray handle were set as the occlusal plane, then the screw posts were added and adjusted till the proper vertical dimension, after that, the putty silicone rubber impression material was added around the screw posts to record the horizontal maxillomandibular relationship, finally, the anterior surface of the tray handle was used to record the midline of the face and lower edge of the upper lip at rest and with smile.@*CONCLUSION@#The dimensional data offered reference for the analysis of restoration space in edentulous patients. The tray designed and fabricated in this study may serve as a new tool for recording the maxillomandibular relationship.

The correlation between inflammation levels and lung function on patients defined by different TCM syndromes with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the changes of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and lung function of patients defined by different TCM syndromes with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods:A total of 181 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in our hospital from January 2016 to Novenber 2018 were included and divided into 5 groups accoding to different TCM syndromes, which were wind-cold invading lung syndrome (26), external cold and internal fluid syndrome (40), phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome (48), phlegm-dampness blocked syndrome (48), an heart spirit confused by phlegm syndrome (19). Then tested the blood for each group, and calculated NLR; tested c-reactive protein, and lung function, and measured with COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and Modified British Medical Research Council (mMRC); conducted 6MWT, then the BODE index and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were calculated.Results:The NLR, CRP level in patients with external cold and internal fluid syndrome and an heart spirit confused by phlegm syndromeby phlegm were significantly higher than those of other syndrome ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), and FEV1% Pred was significantly lower than that of phlegm-dampness blocked syndrome ( P=0.024); the 6-minute walking distance of patients with external cold and internal fluid syndrome was significantly shorter than that of phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome and phlegm-dampness blocked syndrome ( P=0.006, P=0.024). The comparison of mMRC grades among the syndromes was statistically significant ( F=26.367, P=0.049). The BODE index of patients external cold and internal fluid syndrome was higher than that of patients phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome ( P=0.015), and the CCI score of patients an heart spirit confused by phlegm syndrome was higher than that of patients phlegm-dampness blocked syndrome ( P=0.012). The BODE index of patients with external cold internal fluid syndrome was significantly higher than that of phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome ( P=0.015). The CCI score of patients with mental disorder caused by phlegm was significantly higher than that of phlegm-dampness blocked lung syndrome ( P=0.012). Conclusions:There were significantly differences in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, CRP and 6-minute walking distance among different TCM syndromes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The inflammation in patients with external cold and internal fluid syndrome and mental disorder caused by phlegmare much severe, but there might be no difference in dyspnea and prognosis among TCM syndromes.

Astaxanthin promotes M2 macrophages and attenuates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by suppression inflammation in rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important process. The present study aimed to assess the protective effects of astaxanthin (ASX) on cardiac remodeling after AMI.@*METHODS@#The study was conducted between April and September 2018. To create a rat AMI model, rats were anesthetized, and the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated. The rats in the ASX group received 10 mg·kg·day ASX by gavage for 28 days. On the 1st day after AMI, but before ASX administration, six rats from each group were sacrificed to evaluate changes in the heart function and peripheral blood (PB) levels of inflammatory factors. On the 7th day after AMI, eight rats from each group were sacrificed to evaluate the PB levels of inflammatory factors and the M2 macrophage count using both immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry (FC). The remaining rats were observed for 28 days. Cardiac function was examined using echocardiography. The inflammatory factors, namely, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-10, were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The heart weight/body weight (BW), and lung weight (LW)/BW ratios were calculated, and myocardial fibrosis in the form of collagen volume fraction was measured using Masson trichrome staining. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to determine the myocardial infarct size (MIS), and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining was used to analyze the myocardial apoptosis index. The levels of apoptosis-related protein, type I/III collagen, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and caspase 3 were assessed by Western blotting. Unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the data.@*RESULTS@#On day 1, cardiac function was worse in the ASX group than in the sham group (left ventricular end-systolic diameter [LVIDs]: 0.72 ± 0.08 vs. 0.22 ± 0.06 cm, t = -11.38; left ventricular end-diastolic diameter [LVIDd]: 0.89 ± 0.09 vs. 0.48 ± 0.05 cm, t = -9.42; end-systolic volume [ESV]: 0.80 [0.62, 0.94] vs. 0.04 [0.03, 0.05] mL, Z = -2.89; end-diastolic volume [EDV]: 1.39 [1.03, 1.49] vs. 0.28 [0.22, 0.32] mL, Z = -2.88; ejection fraction [EF]: 0.40 ± 0.04 vs. 0.86 ± 0.05, t = 10.00; left ventricular fractional shortening [FS] rate: 0.19 [0.18, 0.20] %FS vs. 0.51 [0.44, 0.58] %FS, Z = -2.88, all P < 0.01; n = 6). The levels of inflammatory factors significantly increased (TNF-α: 197.60 [133.89, 237.94] vs. 50.48 [47.21 57.10] pg/mL, Z = -2.88; IL-1β: 175.23 [160.74, 215.09] vs. 17.78 [16.83, 19.56] pg/mL, Z = -2.88; IL-10: 67.64 [58.90, 71.46] vs. 12.33 [11.64, 13.98] pg/mL, Z = -2.88, all P < 0.01; n = 6). On day 7, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were markedly lower in the ASX group than in the AMI group (TNF-α: 71.70 [68.60, 76.00] vs. 118.07 [106.92, 169.08] pg/mL, F = 42.64; IL-1β: 59.90 [50.83, 73.78] vs. 151.60 [108.4, 198.36] pg/mL, F = 44.35, all P < 0.01, n = 8). Conversely, IL-10 levels significantly increased (141.84 [118.98, 158.36] vs. 52.96 [42.68, 74.52] pg/mL, F = 126.67, P < 0.01, n = 8). The M2 macrophage count significantly increased (2891.42 ± 211.29 vs. 1583.38 ± 162.22, F = 274.35, P < 0.01 by immunofluorescence test; 0.96 ± 0.18 vs. 0.36 ± 0.05, F = 46.24, P < 0.05 by flowcytometry test). On day 28, cardiac function was better in the ASX group than in the AMI group (LVIDs: 0.50 [0.41, 0.56] vs. 0.64 [0.56, 0.74] cm, Z = -3.60; LVIDd: 0.70 [0.60, 0.76] vs. 0.80 [0.74 0.88] cm, Z = -2.96; ESV: 0.24 [0.18, 0.45] vs. 0.58 [0.44, 0.89] mL, Z = -3.62; EDV: 0.76 [0.44, 1.04] vs. 1.25 [0.82, 1.46] mL, Z = -2.54; EF: 0.60 ± 0.08 vs. 0.50 ± 0.12, F = 160.48; %FS: 0.29 [0.24, 0.31] vs. 0.20 [0.17, 0.21], Z = -4.43, all P < 0.01; n = 16). The MIS and LW/BW ratio were markedly lower in the ASX group than in the AMI group (myocardial infarct size: 32.50 ± 1.37 vs. 50.90 ± 1.73, t = 23.63, P < 0.01, n = 8; LW/BW: 1.81 ± 0.15 vs. 2.17 ± 0.37, t = 3.66, P = 0.01, n = 16). The CVF was significantly lower in the ASX group than in the AMI group: 12.88 ± 2.53 vs. 28.92 ± 3.31, t = 10.89, P < 0.01, n = 8. The expression of caspase 3, TGF-β1, MMP9, and type I/III collagen was lower in the ASX group than in the AMI group (caspase 3: 0.38 ± 0.06 vs. 0.66 ± 0.04, t = 8.28; TGF-β1: 0.37 ± 0.04 vs. 0.62 ± 0.07, t = 6.39; MMP9: 0.20 ± 0.06 vs. 0.40 ± 0.06, t = 4.62; type I collagen: 0.42 ± 0.09 vs. 0.74 ± 0.07, t = 5.73; type III collagen: 0.13 ± 0.02 vs. 0.74 ± 0.07, t = 4.32, all P < 0.01; n = 4).@*CONCLUSIONS@#ASX treatment after AMI may promote M2 macrophages and effectively attenuate cardiac remodeling by inhibiting inflammation and reducing myocardial fibrosis.

Comparison of the registration methods for the three-dimensional facial scans applied to the design of full-arch implant supported restoration / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the registration accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) facial scans for the design of full-arch implant supported restoration by five methods and to explore the suitable registration method.@*METHODS@#According to the criteria, ten patients with maxillary edentulous jaw or end-stage dentition requiring implant supported restorations were enrolled in this study. A special rim with individual feature marks reflected appropriate occlusal relationship and esthetic characteristics was made for each patient. Both 3D facial scan data of natural laughter and with opener traction to expose the teeth or occlusal rim of each patient were acquired by facial scan and input to the digital analysis software Geomagic Qualify 2012. The dataset was superimposed by five different methods: seven facial anatomical landmark points alignment, facial immobile area alignment (forehead and nasal area), facial anatomical landmark points and immobile area combining alignment, facial feature points alignment, facial and intraoral feature points alignment with the same local coordinate system. The three-dimensional deviation of the same selected area was calculated, the smaller the deviation, the higher the registration accuracy. The 3D deviation was compared among the three registration methods of facial anatomical landmark points, facial immobile area alignment and the combination of the above two methods. Friedman test was performed to analyze the difference among the three methods (α=0.05). The effect of the aid of the facial and intraoral feature points were evaluated. Paired t test were performed to analyze the difference (P<0.05).@*RESULTS@#The average three-dimensional deviation of the selected area after alignment with the facial anatomical landmarks was (1.501 2±0.406 1) mm, significantly larger than that of the facial immobile area best-fit alignment [(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] and the combination of the two methods[(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] (P < 0.001). The aid of the facial feature points could significantly reduce the deviation (t=1.001 3, P < 0.001). There was no significant statistical difference in the remaining groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The forehead area of the 3D facial scan can be exposed as much as possible. The establishment of facial characteristic landmark points and the use of the invariant area alignment can improve the accuracy of registration. It should be clinically feasible to apply three-dimensional facial scan to the design of full-arch implant supported restoration with the registration of the immobile area on the face especially the forehead area.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of a kind of digital complete denture / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of a kind of complete dentures fabricated using computer aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) workflow with that of the complete denture fabricated using conventional workflow.@*METHODS@#Twenty edentulous patients were included in this prospective, single-blind, self-controlled clinical trial. Two pairs of complete dentures were fabricated for each participant: one using the functional suitable denture (FSD) system with CAD/CAM, and the other using conventional fabrication workflow. In the final delivery appointment, the conventional dentures worn by the participant for 3 months at first. Then the participant swapped to wear digital denture for another 3 months. The patients' satisfaction and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) were measured using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and oral health impact profile (OHIP-20E) at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months following denture delivery. In addition, the masticatory efficiency of each pair of dentures was measured after three months adaptation period for each type of dentures.@*RESULTS@#The VAS scores of the twenty patients in FSD denture group on general satisfaction, ease of cleaning, ability to speak, esthetics, stability and oral health status on these six domains were higher than that of conventional denture group 3 months after delivery. While the VAS cores in FSD denture group on comfort, ability to chew and ability to chew up were the same as those of conventional denture group. But there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The VAS score on each domain in FSD denture group was higher than that of conventional denture group 3 months after delivery, three domains of which reached statistical significance (P < 0.05), involving functional limitation, psychological discomfort and total. The masticatory performance of the FSD denture (1.20±0.54) was slightly higher than that for the conventional denture (1.16±0.53), but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P=0.691).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The clinical efficacy of the FSD complete denture is comparable to that of the conventional complete denture. As for patient satisfaction and oral health related quality of life, FSD dentures received comparable scores as conventional complete dentures did.

Oral hygiene maintenance of locator attachments implant overdentures in edentulous population: A longitudinal study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the oral hygiene status of edentulous patients with locator attachments implant overdentures (IOD) and to analyze the relationship among daily hygiene behavior, oral hygiene status and peri-implant diseases.@*METHODS@#Edentulous patients who received IOD treatment with locator attachments from January 2012 to May 2016 were recruited. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted to assess the peri-implant tissue status. Modified plaque index (mPLI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were recorded and peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL) was measured using paralleling projection technique. Patients' peri-implant oral hygiene maintainence habits were investigated. The correlation between peri-implant diseases and oral hygiene status and behaviors was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Fifty patients (125 implants) with an average follow-up time of 22 months (6-54 months) were enrolled. The mean values of mPLI, SBI, and GI were 1.4±1.2, 0.8±0.7, and 0.7± 0.6, respectively. Average PD was (2.2±0.7) mm. Mesial and distal maginal bone resorptions were (1.1±1.1) mm and (0.9±0.9) mm, respectively. The prevalance of mucositis and peri-implantitis of the implants were 49.6% and 0. The prevelance of mucositis in the patients with poor oral hygiene (mPLI≥2) was 11.9 times as much as that of those with adequate oral hygiene (mPLI<1). The patients who performed oral hygiene procedure on attachments at least twice a day achieved much lower mPLI scores than those who cleaned less than twice a day.@*CONCLUSION@#Oral hygiene condition in the group of patients with implant overdentures was poor, and it contributed to increased risk of peri-implant mucositis. The prevelance of musositis of the paitients with poor oral hygiene was 11.9 times as much as that of those with proper oral hygiene. Patients wearing IOD should pay more attention to the hygiene of the attachments.

Status of childhood abuse and mental health in college students with left-behind experience / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To explore the mediating role of mental resilience between childhood abuse and mental health of college students with left-behind experience, so as to provide reference for the improvement of their mental health level of. Methods 350 college students with left-behind experience and 297 college students who did not have such experience were recruited in some science and technology college in Anhui province and assessed with Childhood Abuse Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), the Chinese Mental Resilience Scale (CMRS) and Symptom Check List 90(SCL-90). Correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis were conducted with the collected data. Results The level of childhood abuse of college students with left-behind experience was higher than that of college students without left-behind experience (Z=-2.696，P=0.007), and the level of psychological resilience was lower than that of college students without left-behind experience (Z=-3.267，P=0.001).The scores of the Chinese Mental Resilience Scale, Childhood Abuse Questionnaire and Symptom Check List were negatively correlated(r=-0.279, P<0.001, r=-0.247, P<0.001). The scores of Childhood Abuse Questionnaire and Symptom Check List 90 were positively correlated(r= 0.280, P<0.001 ). The direct effect of childhood abuse on mental health problems was 0.247 and the mediation effect of resilience in total effect was 19.02%. Conclusions Resilience is a partial mediator between the relation of childhood abuse and mental health. Therefore, intervention activities can be carried out for the college students who have experienced left-behind childhood abuse to improve their overall mental health level.

Influence of implants prepared by selective laser melting on early bone healing / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the influence of the rough surface of dental implants prepared by selective laser melting (SLM) on early bone healing around titanium implants.@*METHODS@#A total of sixteen titanium implants were involved in our research, of which eight implants were prepared by SLM (TIXOS Cylindrical, Leader-Novaxa, Milan, Italy; 3.3 mm×10 mm, internal hex) and the other eight were sandblasted, large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) implants (IMPLUS Cylindrical, Leader-Novaxa, Milan, Italy; 3.3 mm×10 mm, internal hex). All of the dental implants were inserted into the healed extraction sockets of the mandible of two adult male Beagle dogs. Half of the dental implants were designed to be healed beneath the mucosa and the other half were intended to be healed transgingivally and were immediately loaded by acrylic resin bridge restoration. Three types of tetracycline fluorescent labels, namely calcein blue, alizarin complexone and calcein, were administered into the veins of the Beagle dogs 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implant placement respectively for fluorescent evaluation of newly formed bone peri-implant. Both Beagle dogs were euthanized 12 weeks after implant insertion and the mandible block specimens containing the titanium implants and surrounding bone and soft tissue of each dog were carefully sectioned and dissected. A total of 16 hard tissue slices were obtained and stained with toluidine blue for microscopic examination and histomorphometric measurements. Histological observation was made for each slice under light microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Comparison on new bone formation around titanium implants of each group was made and mineral apposition rate (MAR) was calculated for each group.@*RESULTS@#Dental implants prepared by selective laser melting had achieved satisfying osseointegration to surrounding bone tissue after the healing period of 12 weeks. Newly formed bone tissue was observed creeping on the highly porous surface of the SLM implant and growing into the pores of surface structure. Higher MAR values were shown for SLM implants compared with SLA implants (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Dental implants prepared by selective laser melting could promote early bone healing and improve mineral apposition rate.

Evaluation of the fabrication deviation of a kind of milling digital implant surgical guides / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the deviation of digital implant surgical guides during fabrication process in the Organical Dental Implant (ODI) system.@*METHODS@#This study included two parts. The first part was the in vitro study. A resin block with a diagnostic template was used for the planning. After cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning, a surgical guide with eight implants was virtually designed using the ODI system. The guide was milled by a 5-axial numerical controlled milling machine, and an optical scanning was taken to digitalize the guide to a standard tessellation language (STL) form. The STL data were then imported into an ODI software and registered with the original design. The deviation of the sleeves between the design and the STL was measured in the ODI software and set as the golden standard. Then the ODI examination table was used to measure the deviation of the guide during fabrication. Examiners A and B measured 10 times separately. The reliability and the validity of the examination table was calculated. The second part was the in vivo study: The deviation during fabrication of 12 guides designed and fabricated by the ODI system were measured using the examination table.@*RESULTS@#The standard deviation of the deviation measured using the examination table by examiners A and B were all below 0.40 mm (for the shell reference points) and 0.71 degree (for the angles). No significant difference was found between the two examiners for any implant sites. The result of the examination table was larger than that of the software for the shell reference point (t-test, P<0.05), but no significant difference was found for the angle deviation (t-test, P>0.05). The 45 implants positions in the 12 guides for the in vivo study were examined using the examination table. The deviations at the shell reference points were (1.06±0.29) mm (0.42-1.75 mm), and at the implant tip were (1.12±0.48) mm (0.41-2.44 mm). The angle deviations were (1.42±0.70) degree (0.29-2.96 degree).@*CONCLUSION@#Deviation is unavoidable during the fabrication process of the guides. The examination table of the ODI system is a reliable and valid tool to measure the deviation during fabrication of the ODI guides. More studies should be designed to research the relationship between the fabrication deviation and the implant insertion deviation.

Application of dental floss traction assisted technique in endoscopic submucosal dissection for early rectal cancer and precancerous lesions / 中国内镜杂志

Objective?To investigate the efficacy and safety of dental floss traction assisted technique in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early rectal cancer and precancerous lesions.?Methods?57 patients recived ESD for early colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions from September 2014 to June 2017 were randomly divided into dental floss traction group (n = 28) and routine group (n = 29). To compare the average operation time, the amount of supplementary submucosal injection, and frequency of supplementary submucosal injection, complete resection rate, R0 resection rate, complications and follow-up results of the two groups.?Results?All 57 cases were treated with ESD successfully. The average operation time, the amount of supplementary submucosal injection and the frequency of injection were significantly less in the dental floss traction group than in the conventional group [(55.11 ± 10.44) vs (74.72 ± 14.47) min; (5.80 ± 1.80) vs (10.00 ± 5.70) ml; frequency (1.10 ± 0.90) vs (1.70 ± 0.90)]. The average operation time (P = 0.000), the amount of supplementary submucosal injection (P = 0.001) and the frequency of supplementary submucosal injection (P = 0.022) were significantly different between the two groups. The complete resection rate and R0 resection rate were 100.0% in both groups. There was no bleeding or perforation in the dental floss traction group, and 1 cases (3.4%) in the conventional group had delayed bleeding after operation, and 2 cases (6.9%) perforation occurred during the operation, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). No recurrence was found in the two groups during follow-up period.?Conclusions?Dental floss traction assisted technique can significantly shorten the operation time of ESD, reduce the amount and frequency of supplementary submucosal injection and ensure good therapeutic effect for early colorectal cancer and precancerous lesions.

Clinical effects of loading doses of rosuvastatin in treatment of acute cerebral infarction and influence on cere-bral hemodynamics / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To observe the effects of loading doses of rosuvastatin in treatment of acute cerebral infarction and influence on cerebral hemodynamics.Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients of acute cerebral infarction who were admitted into hospital from January 2014 to June 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(63 cases,loading doses of rosuvastatin,40 mg per day at the first time,and then 20 mg per day)and the control group(63 cases,routine doses of rosuvastatin,10 mg per day),and one course lasted for 3 months.The NIHSS scores and Barthel index before treatment,1 month and 3 months after treatment were compared,as well as the clinical effects and cerebral hemodynamics changes 3 months after treatment.Results The NIHSS scores of the observation group at 1 month and 3 months after treatment were respectively lower than those of control group with statistical significance(P<0.05),and scores of the Barthel index of the observation group were higher than those of the control group with statistical significance(P<0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group was 88.89%,which was higher than that of the control group(77.78%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After the treatment,bilateral pulsation index(PI)of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).Systolic blood flow velocity(Vs)and mean blood flow velocity(Vm)were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The difference of adverse reaction between 2 groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Loading doses of rosuvastatin can achieve better curative efficacy in treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction and better improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

Exercise training attenuates hypertension progression via activation of central ACE2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis in prehypertensive rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effects of exercise training on the progression from prehypertension to hy -pertension,blood pressure regulation and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)-angiotensin(Ang)(1-7)-MAS axis activation in cardiovascular centers ,and to elucidate the central mechanisms of exercise training postponing hyperten -sion progression.METHODS:The male spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR;n=20,5 weeks old)and normotensive Wistar Kyoto(WKY)rats(n=20)were randomly assigned to sedentary(Sed)group and exercise training(ExT)group. The trained rats run on a treadmill in moderate-intensity for 20 weeks.Systolic blood pressure(SBP)was measured by tail-cuff method.The baroreflex sensitivity(BRS)was assessed by intravenous injection of phenylephrine.The expression of ACE2 and MAS receptor at mRNA and protein levels in baroreflex centers were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.Alterations of BRS were evaluated before and after intracerebroventricular injection of MAS receptor ago -nist Ang(1-7)and its antagonist A779,respectively.RESULTS:Compared with SHR +Sed group,exercise training since prehypertension significantly postponed the development of hypertension ,delayed the hypertension progression ,and decreased SBP in both SHR and WKY rats(P<0.05).Exercise training enhanced blood pressure regulation and improved the BRS in SHR(P<0.01).The expression of ACE2 and MAS receptor at mRNA and protein levels in the baroreflex cen-ters(rostral ventrolateral medulla ,nucleus tract solitarius and paraventricular nucleus )were up-regulated in SHR +ExT group(P<0.05).Central administration of A779 abolished the benefits of exercise-induced improvement of BRS in SHR +ExT group(P<0.01).In contrast,Ang(1-7)improved the BRS in both SHR +Sed group and SHR +ExT group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Exercise training postpones hypertension progression and improves blood pressure regula -tion,which may be associated with the activation of central ACE 2-Ang(1-7)-Mas axis.

Risk factors of delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection for early colorectal cancer and pre-cancerous lesions / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investgate risk factors of delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissec-tion(ESD)for early colorectal tumor and precancerrous lesions. Methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical date of 138 patients with early colorectal tumor and precancerrous lesions who received ESD in Hubei Cancer Hos-pital from October 2012 to October 2016. Risk factors of delayed bleeding were analysed by univariate and multi-variable logistic regression analysis. Results Ten(7.2%)of 138 patients occurred delayed bleeding after ESD. Univariate analysis showed that there was significent difference between the bleeding group and the non-bleeding group in location of the lesion(P = 0.022),severe fibrosis of submucosa(P = 0.016),Obvious intraoperative bleeding(P = 0.032)and inadequate endosopic experience of endoscopist(P = 0.045). Multivariate Logistic re-gression analysis showed that location of lesion(P = 0.003,OR = 4.64,95%CI:1.71~12.58),severe fibrosis of submucosa(P = 0.009,OR = 4.83,95% CI:1.49~15.60)were independent risk factors of delayed bleeding after ESD for early colorectal tumor and precancerrous lesions. Conclusion Patients with early colorectal tumor and precancerrous lesions in the rectum and severe fibrosis of submucosa are prone to delayed bleeding after ESD.

Effect of major chronic diseases on probability of premature death rate and life expectancy in Tongxiang / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the premature death rate and life expectancy caused by cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes and to provide the basis for the government to formulate residents' health promotion measures. Methods The data of deaths of permanent residents in Tongxiang in 2016 were derived from"Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information System" . The mortality, premature death rate, years of potential life loss and life expectancy of four chronic diseases were descriptively analyzed. Results In 2016, a total of 5104 deaths were reported in Tongxiang, with a crude death rate of 738.77 / 100, 000 and a standardized mortality rate of 480.40 / 100, 000, 23.59％ were premature deaths. The mortality rate of the four types of chronic diseases was 8.44％ , malignant tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes were 5.68％, 2.06％, 0.65％ and 0.24％. Residents' life expectancy was 81.40 years, removal of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, the life expectancy increased 3.69, 2.78, 1.43 and 0.16 years, respectively. The four types of chronic diseases had a potential life-loss loss of 15, 239 person-years, with an average life-saving year of 4.25 years and a life-saving rate of 22.06 ‰. Mortality rate, premature death rate, years of potential loss of life, average life expectancy and longevity rate were higher in males than in females. Conclusion The probability of premature death of four types of chronic diseases in Tongxiang was 8.44％, and male residents were more likely to be affected.

Clinical Analysis of 12 cases of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical manifestations, treatment strategies and outcomes of 12 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura(TTP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data from 12 cases of SLE associated with TTP admitted in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2002 to August 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>12 cases of SLE associated with TTP included 11 females and 1 male, their median age was 34.5 years old, among them 5 cases of TTP were diagnosed during the treatment of SLE, 7 cases of TTP were comfirmed together with SLE on admission. The hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and neurological deficits appeared in all the patients, the renal impairment was observed in 10 cases, the schistocytes of peripheral blood smears (>1%) were present in 9 cases, a severely reduction of ADAMTS 13 activity (<5%) with inhibitor-positive had been demonstrated in 5 cases, all of the 12 patients were treated with glucocorticoid, and 11 cases were treated in combination with other drug(10 cases combined with cytotoxics, 1 case with intravenous gamma globulin, 1 case with rituximab), plasma exchange were used in 10 cases, and 2 cases died, 2 cases without receiving plasma exchange all died, renal damage was observed in all the dead patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Clinical manifestation and repeated examinations of peripheral blood smears are helpful for early diagnosis of SLE associated with TTP, the plasma exchange combined with glucocortcoids is an effective treatment method, the renal impairment may be a risk factor related with poor prognosis.</p>

Effectiveness evaluation of intensive lifestyle intervention on rural residents with metabolic syndrome / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intensive lifestyle intervention on rural residents with metabolic syndrome (MS) . Methods A total of 253 patients with MS selected from cross-sectional survey were divided into intensive lifestyle intervention and conventional management group incomplete randomly. Aimed to control weight, patients in the intervention group were treated with dietary control and exercise guidance. Besides, their compliances were assessed. In conventional management group, patients were disposed according to chronic disease management specification. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers detection were carried out in both groups at baseline and at the end of 6 months. Results These main anthropometric measurements and biochemical markers have no significant difference between the intervention group and conventional management group at the baseline (P>0.05) . After 6 months intensive lifestyle modification, the prevalence of MS did not significantly differ between the two groups: it was 67.14% in the intervention group and 60.95% in the conventional management group (P>0.05) .In the intervention group, the body weight, BMI and the waist circumference were decreased by 3.11 kg, 1.50 kg/m2, 4.29 cm, respectively, and 1.23 kg, 0.47 kg/m2, 1.22 cm in the conventional management group. The changes were significantly larger in the intervention group than in the conventional management group (P<0.01) .Uric acid, triglyceride were decreased by 14.30 μmol/L, 0.01 mmol/L, respectively, in the intervention group and in the conventional management group they were increased by 18.17 μmol/L and 0.41 mmol/L conversely. While the high density lipoprotein cholesterol was increased by 0.02 mmol/L, it was decreased by 0.10 mmol/L in the conventional management group (P<0.01) . Body weight and BMI decreased by 3.93kg and 1.40 kg/m2 in the high compliance group, compared to low compliance group, there was statistically difference with regard to this change between the two groups (P<0.05) . While the body fat% was decreased by 2.27%, and it was increased by 1.01% in the conventional management group (P<0.05) . Conclusion For rural residents, the beneficial effects of intensive lifestyle intervention are improving metabolic risk factors. The compliance is the main factor of the effects of intervention.